Process of concentrating and remaking milk.



No. 771,609. PATENTED OCT. 4, 1904. 0.. H. 6: P. T. CAMPBELL. PROCESS OF CONGENTRATING AND RBMAKING MILK.

APPLIOATIOH TILED JAR. 9, 1904.

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T INVENTORS WITNESSES: W M By Attorneys,

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PATENTED 001 .4, 1904. 0. H. 5. P. T. CAMPBELL.

PROCESS OF GONGENTRATING AND REMAKING MILK.

APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 9. 1904.

C040 WATER v //07 I I ATE I INVENTOR 5 WITNESSES; wzzwwwwfiw 4M4 By Altar Hays,

' UNITED STATES- Patented October 4, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES H. CAMPBELL, F NEW YORK, N. it, AND PEARL T, OAMPBEI L as to be hardly distinguished therefrom.

. special process hereinafter described-ii" OF BAYONNE,

NEW JERSEY.

. PROCESS OF CONCENTRATING AND REMAKING MILK.-

SPEGIFIGATION forming partof Letters Patent No. 771,609, dated October 4, 1904.

Application filed January 9, 1904.

To (1 whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, CHARLESH. CAMP BELL, residing in the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, and PEARL T. CAMPBELL, residing in Bayonne, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, both citizens of the United States, have jointly invented certain new and useful Improvements in Concentrating and Remaking Milk, of which the following is a specification.

I This'invent-ion relates to the concentrating of milk to a sufficient degree of drynessto ably the milk is first reduced to'a completelydesiccated and finely-ground or floury condition. There is already such a completely-dos? located milk on the market, and we mayuse 1 this product for the remaking of liquid milk, according to one feature of our invention.-

This product, however, is better adapted for other usesthan the remaking of liquidmilk.

Preferably, therefore, the milk which is to be. remade is concentrated accordingtoa process which 'wehave discovered and which we have found specially adapted to the production of a'remade liquid m ilk which is so exactlylike original milk in taste, and especially in odor,

is understood that in order to be salable in the form of liquid milktheremade milk must be free from impurities, and especially from.

any taste or odorresembling that due to the souring of'the milk. Ibis the freedom from perceptible odor which we have found most' difiicult to obtain, but which may be very largely'obtained by certain featuresof the process. ofremaking the milk which we have invented or by/the process of concentrating and. which is obtainable in the highestdegree by applying the remaking process" to milk which hasbeen concentrated accordingto the By this process a central plant may' h Serial No. 1 3,299. (No specimens.)

tablished in a good milk country, in which the milk may be concentrated to substantial dryness, according to the first stage of the process. cheaply and conveniently stored or packed and shipped to countries where good milk is diificult to obtain,"or it may be carried by armies or 'oceanvessels; Then when it is de- .sired to use the product it may be submitted to the second stage of the process and restored to the form of the original liquid milk. When the first stage of the process is carried to such ,a length as to reducethe milk to complete desiccation, it will keep indefinitely. Where,-

however, it is only desired to keep the prodnot in the intermediate stage for a few days,

it need not be completelydesic'cated. Thusthere can be obtained in .places and under circurnstances in which it was previously impossible a milk having the exact appearance,

sition, of untreated mil k.

An important point in the first or concentrating step of the process is the subjection of the mass to a high temperature for so short a taste, and smell, as well as the exact compo- ,7o

at-a temperature below this point] We have."

found, however, thatbysubjectirig the ma' In this condition it may then be terial near the end of the concentrating process (say while itis in a substantiallyjpasty mass) to'a much higher temperature,-as 180- Fahrenheit or higher, fora short time and quickly lowering the temperature again there is no substantial'modification of the proteids,

and a certain objectionable taste and odor which existed in remade milk'which'has been concentrated by other processes disappears; ,The objectionable .qualities stated have been probably due to the presence of asmall quan tity of albumen, which even in the'substantially desiccated. intermediate stage of the product unites with thesm'all percentage-of water present and is so modified as to afi'ect not noticed may also be due to the sterilization I manent combination with the water.

accomplished by the high temperature. The

momentary increase of heat may be used in connection with any suitable process. It is preferably, however, used in connection with and a hot-air pipe ll in order to obtain air of the air-injection process described in the patj ent of Joseph H. Campbell, No. 668,161, whereby the process can be carried out at a low temperature and yet with such rapidity as to eliminate the water before fermentation takes place. Thus the intermediate product has its proteids in a soluble and peptogenic condition and is so soluble that-it maybe rcadily reunited with water to constitute the remade milk, and the remade milk may be drunk or otherwise used in the same manner as ordinary milk without perceptible difference in flavor, odor, or effect; in remaking the liquid milk water is added to the dry'milk and the two are thoroughly combined, preferably by agitating and applying heat until the solids are brought into substantially per- ;\C' cording to the amount of water added in the beginning and the length of time during which the process is carried on the fluidity of the product will vary. For example, it may be approximately that of ordinary fresh milk,

' or it maybe reduced to the consistency of ordinary condensed mik. The agitation and heat soften and swell the particles of dry milk and break them up, so that they dissolve comparatively quickly. At the same time, either by the agitation referred to or by the blowing of air through the mass or by any other suitable method of aeration, the mass is purified of offensive odors, gases, and vapors, these being carried away in the process of aeration. The heat and aeration evaporate a certain amount of water, so that in thebeginning a slight excess should be introduced over that which is desired in the'final product. The process does not take very' long, however, and the evaporation is not great. Large batches require hardly more time than small batches, the process being varied only in the quantity of heat and air applied. Preferably after the liquid milk is satisfactorily remade it is immediately cooled to check decomposition. i

The accompanying drawings illustrate in vertical section (being largely diagrammatical) an apparatus with which the process may be carried out.

Figure 1 shows the apparatus for concentrating, and Fig. 2 the apparatus for remaking.

The concentrating apparatus comprises a milk-tank A, provided with a jacket B and coils C. The coils preferably empty into the jacket. A water-pipe D and steam-pipe E serve for the supplying of hot water or steam. Flat nozzles F extend to the bottom of the tank and serve to admit the necessary blast 1 raising the temperature.

concentrated in the tank A may pass out by.

any desired temperature. J is a steam-pipe extending also, preferably, to the bottom of the tank, where it is provided with branches K, extending in opposite directions, for introducing a jet or blast of steam for suddenly The milk partially means of a valve L and .be conducted into the slowly-rotating drmn or cylinder M, rotated by a belt N. The hot-air pipe H is provided with a branch, to which nozzles may be applied for blowing air into the rotating drum )1. Likewise a steam-pipe 0 may be introduced into the mass of milk lying in the bottom of the drum. v

The apparatus shown for use in remaking comprises a tank I, surrounded by a jacket (,2, which jacket has two inlets R and S near its bottom and an outlet T near its top. The tank tapers at its lower end and terminates in an outlet-pipe U. The air may be introduced under pressure through a pipe V, leading to the bottom of the tank. The air-pipe V may be rotated by any suitable means, such as the bevel-gears shown, and may be provided with paddles W forapurposehereinafter set forth. It is understood that this apparatus is not claimed in this application and is not essential to the process. The process may be carried out in a great variety of apparatus. With the specific 'ap paratus shown, however, the process may be carried out as follows: The milk to be treated is placed in the tank A, having been previously filtered or otherwise purified, if necessary. The milk may be either skim-milk or whole milk. Preferably it is partially skimmed, so as to leave a product of considerable richness, but notwith so much fat in it as to prevent it from retaining a granular condition or to make it greasy to the touch.

coils. The air-blast is turned on, and the air is thus forced into the milk and sweeps along the bottom of the tank in large volume and under considerable pressure, so that as it rises through the mass of milk it sets up a rolling motion, agitating the milk, taking up the vapor formed by the heat in the coils and jacket, and breaking up the line bubbles which would tend to form with a smaller quantity of air and make a thick tough foam. The temperature of the heating-surface may be much higher than that at which the milk is maintained by the constant and strong blast of air, so that the process is very rapid. According to the process described in said previous Cam pbell patent the milk is reduced to about fifty per cent. of its original volume in this tank and then becomes so thick that the process becomes less efficient, and the product is then transferred to the cylinder or drum M, in which the complete desiccation may be effected. According to the present process shortly before the milk becomes so thick as todiminish the efficiency of 'the process in the first tank the air-supply is out off, (except, perhaps, enough to agitate the mass,)the heating-water is cut off from the coils and jacket,'and jets or blasts of steam are introduced through the nozzles K and are continued until the temperature of the-mass rises gradually to about 170 or 1809' Fahrenheit. As soon as the highest temperature desired is reached the steam is i turned off and the air-blast is renewed, so'that the mass is suddenly cooledagain, preferably to 100 or 120 after which it is introduced into the drum M, or the nearly-pasty mass in j the tank A may be introduced'into the drum -M and there subjected to a blast of steam ;rotates, and the hot air blown on it carries away the water very rapidly until the product is reduced to a condition of comparatively dry lumps, which may be broken up and again subjected to a blast of hot air until they are substantially bone-d ry, (containing about eight per cent. of water,) in which condition the mass may be ground to any desired degree of When it is desired to remake the liquid milk, the desired quantity of milk-powder is first worked smooth in alittle water, and then the-.total volume of water is added and the .whole placed in the tank P,'or all the water and the milk-powder may be put in at once and whipped or stirred together. The mass is gradually heated to 'any desired temperature, preferably below the boiling-point, by the introduction offhot water or other heating me dium through the pipe R. a Airis introduced 1n large volume and under heavy pressure. The air is forced violently through the mass,

- thoroughly aeratlhgit -and-at the same time agitating it, so as to soften the particles and allow'them to swell and be broken andfinally dissolve or suspend permanently in the water.

The thorough aeration has also the effect to very quickly carry ofl any offensive odors which may be present due to foreign matters in the original milk or to other causes. As a specific example, we may state that we have mixed the ingredients in the proportion of one and one-half pounds'of milk-powder with 1 two gallons of cold water and have brought this .to a condition resembling pure sweet milk. We have found that from half an hour to one hour is required-for such an operation.

. As soon as the dry milk is thoroughly cd'm:

bined with the water it has the same tendency to decompose as ordinary fresh milk, and therefore it'is proposed to stop such decomposition by immediately cooling it. For example, in the apparatus shown it is proposed toshut off the hotwater pipe R as soon as the combination is complete and turn on the cold Water pipe S, which will rapidly fill the jacket Q and cool the mass. The introduction of air through the pipe V may be continued, which expedites the cooling. Any other means for heating or cooling the mass or for aerating it may be adopted. Forexample, it may be aerated by agitation by paddles, preferably violent. The combination of heat and aeration whitens the product as well as purifying it of objectionable odors. In the remaking there is found also a great mechanical difiiculty in the accumulation of foam, which rises to great heights and becomes very fine and tough, so as to seriously retard the aerating process. This may be overcome or at least diminished in several ways. A convenient process consists in beating the foam by means of any suitable number of paddles, such as W, clamped on the pipe V, the latter being rotated in order to cause these paddles to press down the foam. Two paddles are shown at right angles to each other; but any number may be employed and in any relativeposition, depending upon the size of the paddles and the height of the foam above the surface of the milk. The paddles may be of wire-netting instead of the solid material shown.

The hot water in the jacket Q may be re moved very quickly by using a branch pipe X, connected by a three-way valve to the hotwater pipe R.

Though we have described with great particularity of detail a process embodying our invention, yet it is to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiment disclosed. Various modifications thereof in detail and in the ordei'of .the steps and the proportions of the ingredients may be made those skilled in the art without departure from the invention. What we claim is- 1. The process which consists in concentrating milk, subjecting it after partial concentration to a high temperature for so short a time as not to substantially modify the prdteids, continuing the concentration to substantial dryness, and subsequently adding water and aerating the mass whereby a remade milk of substantially the purity of the original milk is produced. I

2. The process which consists in concentrating milk at a temperature below about 162 Fahrenheit, subjecting it near the end of the processand for so short a time as not to substantially' modify the proteids to a temperature about 180 Fahrenheit or higher, continuing the concentration to substantial dryness,

and subsequently adding water and aerating the-mass, whereby a remade milk of substantially the purity of the original milk is produeed.

' 3. The process which consists in concentrating milk by heating it 'and simultaneously.

-ing milk by heating it and simultaneously blowing air into it in such volume as to preserve the proteids in soluble and peptogenic condition and to concentrate the mass so rapidly as to prevent souring, subjecting it near the end of the concentration and for so short a time as not to substantially modify the proteids to aconsiderably-increased temperature, continuing the concentration 'to substantial dryness, subsequently adding water and heating the mass and blowing air therethrough until the milk solids are brought into substantially permanent combination with the water,

and then immediately cooling the mass to check decomposition.

5. The process which consists in concentrating milk by heating it and simultaneously blowing air into it in such volume as to preserve the proteids in soluble and peptogenic condition and to concentrate the mass so rapidly as to prevent souring, subjecting it near the end of the concentration and for so short a time as not to substantially modify the proteids to a considerably-increased temperature, continuing the concentration to substantial dryness, subsequently adding water and heating the mass below the boiling-point and blow- I ing air violently therethrough to agitate and aerate it until the milk solids arebrought into substantially permanent combination with the water, and then immediately cooling the mass to check decomposition.

6. The process of remaking liquid milk from dry milk which consists in adding water to the latter and heating the mass and blowing air therethrough to agitate and aerate it,

so as to bring the milk solids into substantially permanent combination with the water and to purify the product of olfensiveodors. I

9. The process of remaking liquid milk from dry milk which consists in adding water to the latter and agitating and applying heat to the mass until the milk solids are brought into substantially permanent combination with the water, and then immediately cooling the mass to check decomposition.

10. The process of remaking liquid(milk from dry milk which consists in adding water to the latter and heating themass below the boiling-point and blowing air violently therethrough to agitate and aerate it so as to bring the milk'solids into substantially permanent combination with the water and to purify the product of offensive odors.

11. In the concentrating of milk the process which consists in heating it and simultaneously blowing air into it so as .to maintain a, low

temperature and to preserve the proteids in soluble and ,peptogenic condition, and raising the temperature of the milk near the end of the process and for so short a time as not to substantially modify the proteids to a point above the coagulating temperature of albumen.

In witness whereof we, have hereunto signed our names in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES H. CAMPBELL. PEARL T. CAMPBELL. L

Witnesses to signature of Charles H. Camp bell: I

EUGENE G. MEYERS, THEODORE T. SNELL.

b Witnesses to signature of Pearl T. Campell:

DOMINGO A. UsINA, THEODORE T. SNELL, 

